Tuesday, 22 October 2013
Sunday, 10 March 2013
Media Ownership questions
1. What is horizontal and vertical integration in the media industry and can you provide an example?
Definition of 'Vertical integration' - When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor. Vertical integration can help companies reduce costs and improve efficiency by decreasing transportation expenses and reducing turnaround time, among other advantages. However, sometimes it is more effective for a company to rely on the expertise and economies of scale of other vendors rather than be vertically integrated.
Examples of vertical integration include:
- A mortgage company that both originates and services mortgages, meaning that it both lends money to homeowners and collects their monthly payments.
- A solar power company that produces photovoltaic products and also manufacturers the cells, wafers and modules to create those products would be considered vertically integrated.
- The merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster created a vertically integrated entertainment company that manages and represents artists, produces shows and sells event tickets.
Definition of 'horizontal integration' - The acquisition of additional business activities that are at the same level of the value chain in similar or different industries. This can be achieved by internal or external expansion. Because the different firms are involved in the same stage of production, horizontal integration allows them to share resources at that level. If the products offered by the companies are the same or similar, it is a merger of competitors. If all of the producers of a particular good or service in a given market were to merge, it would result in the creation of a monopoly. Also called lateral integration.
Example of 'Horizontal integration' - Disney, which creates movies and television shows, uses the characters to create toys and market other products to kids, etc. would be an example of horizontal integration. However they do not own the institution that manufactures the toys etc.
2. What does Melody (1978) believe happens to the 'Media market'?
According to William Melody, the biggest threat to freedom of expression in the United States or elsewhere is the possibility that private entrepreneurs will always tend to monopolise the marketplace conditions or circumstances, access to the marketplace of ideas is restricted to a privileged few.
3. What does Newman (1991) believe happens to media content? Why is this a problem for the audience?
Media content will come standardised and uniform in content, this is a problem for audiences because they get boring and repetetive films and advertisement.
4. What does Sterling think about the level of research?
He believes that there is suprisingly little research has been done, only marginally more than we could draw on 20 years ago. He argues that too much is assumed or anecdotal, merely suggesting results from ownership changes.
5. What does the media reproduce according to Gomery (2000)?
The mass media is crucial for the creation of of reliable information, knowledge, ideology and propoganda in contemporary Capitalist societies.
6. The media industry and corporate power from a powerful cartel. What does it do to local cultures (Meier)?
7. How media corporations influenced the law? What impact does this have on new buissness entering the market?
big media corporations have been able to manipulated the law so that they can control more companies hich restricts the market place and limits audience enjoyment
8. What threat does convergence pose to media ownership?
cross media laws have been relaxed which means that a film company can buy a video game company which means that less companies can get into the industry
9. what does the FCC believe about programme diversity?
Definition of 'Vertical integration' - When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor. Vertical integration can help companies reduce costs and improve efficiency by decreasing transportation expenses and reducing turnaround time, among other advantages. However, sometimes it is more effective for a company to rely on the expertise and economies of scale of other vendors rather than be vertically integrated.
Examples of vertical integration include:
- A mortgage company that both originates and services mortgages, meaning that it both lends money to homeowners and collects their monthly payments.
- A solar power company that produces photovoltaic products and also manufacturers the cells, wafers and modules to create those products would be considered vertically integrated.
- The merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster created a vertically integrated entertainment company that manages and represents artists, produces shows and sells event tickets.
Definition of 'horizontal integration' - The acquisition of additional business activities that are at the same level of the value chain in similar or different industries. This can be achieved by internal or external expansion. Because the different firms are involved in the same stage of production, horizontal integration allows them to share resources at that level. If the products offered by the companies are the same or similar, it is a merger of competitors. If all of the producers of a particular good or service in a given market were to merge, it would result in the creation of a monopoly. Also called lateral integration.
Example of 'Horizontal integration' - Disney, which creates movies and television shows, uses the characters to create toys and market other products to kids, etc. would be an example of horizontal integration. However they do not own the institution that manufactures the toys etc.
2. What does Melody (1978) believe happens to the 'Media market'?
According to William Melody, the biggest threat to freedom of expression in the United States or elsewhere is the possibility that private entrepreneurs will always tend to monopolise the marketplace conditions or circumstances, access to the marketplace of ideas is restricted to a privileged few.
3. What does Newman (1991) believe happens to media content? Why is this a problem for the audience?
Media content will come standardised and uniform in content, this is a problem for audiences because they get boring and repetetive films and advertisement.
4. What does Sterling think about the level of research?
He believes that there is suprisingly little research has been done, only marginally more than we could draw on 20 years ago. He argues that too much is assumed or anecdotal, merely suggesting results from ownership changes.
5. What does the media reproduce according to Gomery (2000)?
The mass media is crucial for the creation of of reliable information, knowledge, ideology and propoganda in contemporary Capitalist societies.
6. The media industry and corporate power from a powerful cartel. What does it do to local cultures (Meier)?
7. How media corporations influenced the law? What impact does this have on new buissness entering the market?
big media corporations have been able to manipulated the law so that they can control more companies hich restricts the market place and limits audience enjoyment
8. What threat does convergence pose to media ownership?
cross media laws have been relaxed which means that a film company can buy a video game company which means that less companies can get into the industry
9. what does the FCC believe about programme diversity?
Saturday, 23 February 2013
Opening sequence to Anna Karenina
The
opening sequence of Anna Kareninare resembles a live play set in a theatre. When the sequence begins, the audience feel like they are about to see a recorded live
performance. This makes the sequnce seem more rustic, like 18th Century Russia, and
makes the audience almost believe that the sequence will contain more emotion as it is theatrical. This traditional like set and costumes make
it lappear it is set in 18th Century Russia. The
music throughout the opening sequence is traditional to the era and up beat which makes the audience feel safe and that thre are no shocks coming. As
the scene progresses, the music changes key, this change, alteres the feeling of secuirty and lets the audience know that there is a mystery between the characters. in the secene where the man is getting a shave, of the scene raises and puts the audience on edge, this too removes the feeling of security and instead makes the audience worry for the man and the razor shaves him out of shot. The volume of the music increases and the camera shot go from mid to close up shots, allowing the audience to see the emotion on characters faces, like they would in a real theatre. As the opening sequence finishes, a sillouette of a mother and son behind a sheets is shown, this is a common convention in many films and connotes that they are keeping a scret or hiding. For example, in childrens films, 'building a fort' is often shown like this to represent that the characters are in private.After this scene, a match cut of a toy train, transitions to become a real train to reoresent the journey of the characters.
Thursday, 14 February 2013
Representation and 'The male gaze'
The male gaze
The male gaze occurs when the camera puts the audience into the perspective of a heterosexual man. It may linger over the curves of a woman's body, for instance. The woman is usually displayed on two different levels: as an erotic object for both the characters within the film, as well as the spectator who is watching the film. The man emerges as the dominant power within the created film fantasy. The woman is passive to the active gaze from the man. This adds an element of patriarchal order and it is often seen in "illusionistic narrative film".
I have also embedded this slideshare that i found online. It is not mine and i did not make it. It is just a secondary source of information on the male gaze.
The male gaze occurs when the camera puts the audience into the perspective of a heterosexual man. It may linger over the curves of a woman's body, for instance. The woman is usually displayed on two different levels: as an erotic object for both the characters within the film, as well as the spectator who is watching the film. The man emerges as the dominant power within the created film fantasy. The woman is passive to the active gaze from the man. This adds an element of patriarchal order and it is often seen in "illusionistic narrative film".
I have also embedded this slideshare that i found online. It is not mine and i did not make it. It is just a secondary source of information on the male gaze.
The Male Gaze Laura Mulvey from Mr Smith
Reresentation
Defenition - is the construction in any medium of aspects of reality such as people or places. These representations may be in speech or writing as well as still and moving pictures.
Media institutions such as the press, represent youth culture in a very negative way because it is more appealing and striking to and audience to see negative language and representation than to see a group represented positively.
Reresentation
Defenition - is the construction in any medium of aspects of reality such as people or places. These representations may be in speech or writing as well as still and moving pictures.
Representation in the media may be bias, especially in soaps or entertainment as they are directed at a certain audience with a specific purpose.
Media institutions such as the press, represent youth culture in a very negative way because it is more appealing and striking to and audience to see negative language and representation than to see a group represented positively. Tuesday, 12 February 2013
Audience
When looking at UK cinema audiences there is a clear decline in the number of 15-24 years olds since 1997, when it was 43% of 15-24 year olds attending annually, to 31% in 2011. The figure of 25-34 year olds fell from 29% in 1997 to 18% in 2008, but has risen to 21% in 2011. A similar pattern has occurred with 35-44 year olds, rising from 14% in 1997 to 20% in 2001 and 2002 and dipping again until 2011 where it is at 20%. the age range of 45+ in 1997 was 14% attendance, like 35-44, however it gradually rose and fell until resting at 28% in 2011, surprisingly close to the age range of 15-24 year old at 31% in 2011.
From this graph we can conclude that cinema attendance in 15-34 year old has fell significantly since 1997 and 35-45+ has risen by at least 6%.
The social class of the audience for a certain film depends highly on the social class of the film. A more sophisticated film such as "The King's Speech" attracted a 47% AB class group because of its more formal nature and the complexity of its lexis and semantics of the script. Also its purpose was to inform and entertain whereas a less sophisticated film such as "Johnny English Reborn" which purpose it to purely entertain as a comedy and has less mature humour and attracted a 28% DE class group.
How have audiences been constructed for three films?
Finally, I will be analysing how the audience of three recently released film was constructed; these films will be, 1. The Dark Knight Rises, 2. Life of Pi and 3. Les Miserables.
1. The Dark Knight Rises;
Age - I assumed that the age range for this film would be very wide in range because of the history that Batman has, going back into the 1940's and early television series, an older generation may want to see the latest film as well as the 15-24 year audience that will view the film.
Gender - I assumed that the audience for this film would be predominantly male as most action/thriller films, however there is a smaller, female audience with couples or genuine fans.NRS Social Grade - I assume that the social grading of this film is quite diverse because the two extremes of society are shown. On one hand, the rich and powerful are shown as evil, which would attract a DE group, but on the other, the poor are also portrayed as evil which may attract an AB group.
Characteristics and Values - The audience to The Dark Knight Rises are probably working to middle class and so I would assume that their characteristics are that of the contemporary person in western society, such as working full or part time and living in a suburb. Their values would also be typical of western society such as wanting to make a family and have a house.
1. Life of Pi;
Age - I feel that this film is aimed at an audience of an age range between 15 to 24 years old because although it has conventions of a typical fantasy adventure type film, such as the colorful animals and fictitious landscapes, it has a deeper meaning to do with religion which would be difficult for anyone of an immature age to comprehend.
Gender - I believe this film to be suitable for an audience of males and female because it has action and adventure conventions for attracting typically male audiences, but it also has a side to the film that could attract a typical female audience with its side story of love and the links to religion and sensitivity.NRS Social Grade - I assume that the social grading of the audience to this film would be of a DE social grade because the characters portrayed in this film are seen as poor and dependent on richer people that themselves. It could also attract a higher social class such as an AB because of the religious connotations shown in this film.
Characteristics and Values -
Thursday, 31 January 2013
Convergence
Convergence is when film producers use other types of media such as websites,
On the hobbit website, convergence has been used to attract potential and previous viewers, with a recognisable aspect/scene of the film. In this instance, it is the scene where Bilbo and Gollum exchange riddles with each other.
Another example of convergence of this film, is the hyperlink that leads you to either a game, a recipe section, or a 'make-your-own-poster' section.
This type of convergence allows people who are interested The Hobbit to get more involved in the film and will attract more attention to the film.
Another example of convergence is the ability to share the content of a film website such as The Hobbit on social networking sites. This action is a form of 'word-of-mouth' but more virtual and online so is easier to access and more viewed on sites such as Facebook and twitter.
Friday, 25 January 2013
Wednesday, 23 January 2013
Answers for Film Industry DVD
What is the
role of the producer? What different elements does it contain? What are the four
'blocks' that Nick Powell talks about?
The role of a producer is to find the initial idea and gets all the finance together for it. He or she is the one who goes out and gets all the pieces together to make the film. There are four blocks that the producer is involved with.The first stage is raising money for the film - This involves going to the big film companies that want to make investments in it and appealing to them showing them how you well you think you can do. The next stage is developing - the producer will be there the whole way through the planning and organisation they make sure things are going smoothly and run the production as a business, through this stage they over see the development of things like scripts and screenplays. They are like the business man and make sure its going to make money from the film and that people are working productively. The next block is the making of the actual film - they over see the filming and editing making sure the crew members and actors are working together well. The next stage is taking it right to the finish, producing adverts, trailers and raising the money to do all those things. The producer and director work very closely together to make sure they are working on time and the film is going well.
What makes a good script? What must it include?
A good script needs to have a good story for the screen. This is something that will keep the audience interested and wanting to watch. There needs to be a strong idea behind the film, this is make people want to see it and think its good. The script needs to have a big interest so based on a classic novel or tv series that was a big seller.
What does the package involve? and who is it aimed at? What is script development?
The package is all about what the producer and director want to include in the film, and where to film it. it needs to include key crew and actors and locations on where they want to film. Its like an outline of of the whole process with all the little details included and a budget at the end.
The package is aimed at the investors, it is like a break down of all the different blocks and defines how they want to be paid for and who and where it is going to happen. It shows the investors the whole production from start to finish in a form of business plan. This gives them an idea as to whether or not it will be a good investment and they will make money from it.
Script development is the weeks the script takes to get perfect. There are many changes and move around on the script as to ideas that may be included or not. It involves the changes in cast members potentially and locations.
Whats the role of the producer in the shooting schedule of the film? who is the directors right hand man?
The directors right hand man is the cinematographers right hand man because he makes what the director wants to see happen. The producer works out the hardest scenes to film and films them first and then plans the rest of the schedule from there.
What is the significance to the budget? how is the budget broken down? What are the above and below the line costs?
the significance of the budget is too make sure every thing is going to able to be paid for. Also when it is going to be paid for. The budget is broken down by going to the script and making sections and then listing all the costs within those sections, for example cast, props, location etc. This would be like an excel spreadsheet of all the costs and then attached to the package for the investors to see. Above the line costs are the expensive necessary costs like the director and key actors. The below the line costs are the people who drive the film like the crew members and costume designers.
What question should an executive producer ask of every film? Why is the audience so important?
Where would it be played? that's what every producer has to ask himself because if he did not take into account where it would be played he wouldn't know what kind of audience to appeal to. The audience are the ones who are going to see the film they bring the money in. They are king.
Why is the marketing considered a hidden cost? What is the importance of genre in marketing? What is the 'need to see?' and how does it work? What are the significant differences between Hollywood and the UK film industry?
Some people don't realise that marketing costs money. All the posters and trailers that are made all have to be paid for. This is cost that can be quite big. It also helps create that 'need to see factor'. The need to see is created by using a big director or big actors who people will want to see just for them. For example Tom Cruise movies, some people only go to see him. Genre is hugely important because you want your film to fall into a marketable genre so its easy to build a hype and get awareness. Before a film will even go ahead in Hollywood it needs to have a release date so they can see when it should start making money back.
What is the distributors job?
The distributor brings the film to the market place and makes a name for it.
What different ways do distributors acquire films?
A film distributor is a company like Disney or warner brothers. They have people coming to them to sell their film and make a name for it. Other ways are going to film festivals and distributors can buy the rights to distribute it. Each film should have a Unique Selling Point
Why is genre important?
It can help target an audience for the film. Most cinema goers are 15-24 or families so most films that are on in the cinema now aspire to fit into those genres, that they want to see.
Why is the release date so important? Why are school holidays so important?
In the school holidays the categories that go to the cinema (15-24 year olds) or families are off work and on holiday so they take their children out of go with their friends to see the latest film. Films can compete for dates and if two big films come out there will be a huge decision to make as to which one you want to see.
Why does film research happen? What does it involve?
A team will work on trying to establish a target audience this involves going round asking people if they'd watch the film they were going to release, once established an audience they can start on the marketing budget.
How is the marketing budget decided on? Once the budget is estimated, what tends to be the percentage spent on marketing?
they look at the countries the film will be watched in and they decide on how much to spend in each country. The marketing budget is usually around 25-30% of the cost to make the film.
Advertising and publicity what three sections does this involve?
Posters
TV ads
Radio ads
These are the three things that people will hear and see when out so they want to target these types of media.These are the traditional types of media.
Why do distributors find it so difficult to get their message to stand out?
The general public are submitted to hundreds of different types of media even before they leave to go to work so making something that stands out is very difficult.
What remain the most important marketing tool for a film?
A trailer is the most important, in a cinema it will be how they see it and in that environment so if they like it there they will want to go and see it.
Why is synergy important?
Fonts
soundtracks
posters
these are all parts of the synergy to a film. They are the things that remain the same throughout the film all around the world. Where ever you go you will see the same font for example in the latest batman film.
Why is poster art important? Why do they 'tease'? What should a good poster reveal?
They are to sell the genre and tell people when the film is being released. They portray the characters in a way which makes the audience want to see the film.
Why is the trailer important? What three types of trailer do you have?
Teaser trailer - this is before production starts and gives a taster as to what is coming up
Main trailer - This is after production so has the whole film to work with just on a shorter basis
Shorter version - This is a small version of the main trailer that is played on the TV.
Why would the 'Perfect' trailer not have voice over?
It allows the audience to create their own mood and feeling about the film.
How is a TV trailer different?
They use the whole finished film with shorter scenes this means the audience get a taster of the whole film.
What two basic uses can distributors make of the internet?
Viral and websites. The idea of people sharing and liking ads and websites means it will spread a lot faster than a tv advert.
PR/Publicity
How can you get free publicity for a film?
magazines newspaper and tv onlines.
Exhibition
1. Cinema attendance rose
2. Piracy (negative) and digital projection (positive)
3. Milton Keynes moviplex - upgrading mutiplexes and the need to for more multiplexes
4. Not ecologically viable - not enough space
5. Dont try to take on the 'big boys' offer the night films to those going. 'World films' art films - go in screen. They don't fo for all the big blockbusters.
6. Mosaic profiling - who the customers are and aren't, turkish and bollywood films are shown depending on the audience present.
7. Three weeks before.
10. Knowedgable staff and drinks before the film starts such as wine.
12.Transform over night - show an unlinked amount of films, screen sporting events.
Audience research
Large research analysis has been done to see what UK audiences want from film and from cinema, to get an idea of what they want to see and experience.
One thing they have to do to understand where to put a multiplex is what people want in the local area because they cant have a generic list of what everyone wants over the country. They need to adapt to what adudiences want in a local town or city. This helps to make the multiplex more succesful.
The role of a producer is to find the initial idea and gets all the finance together for it. He or she is the one who goes out and gets all the pieces together to make the film. There are four blocks that the producer is involved with.The first stage is raising money for the film - This involves going to the big film companies that want to make investments in it and appealing to them showing them how you well you think you can do. The next stage is developing - the producer will be there the whole way through the planning and organisation they make sure things are going smoothly and run the production as a business, through this stage they over see the development of things like scripts and screenplays. They are like the business man and make sure its going to make money from the film and that people are working productively. The next block is the making of the actual film - they over see the filming and editing making sure the crew members and actors are working together well. The next stage is taking it right to the finish, producing adverts, trailers and raising the money to do all those things. The producer and director work very closely together to make sure they are working on time and the film is going well.
What makes a good script? What must it include?
A good script needs to have a good story for the screen. This is something that will keep the audience interested and wanting to watch. There needs to be a strong idea behind the film, this is make people want to see it and think its good. The script needs to have a big interest so based on a classic novel or tv series that was a big seller.
What does the package involve? and who is it aimed at? What is script development?
The package is all about what the producer and director want to include in the film, and where to film it. it needs to include key crew and actors and locations on where they want to film. Its like an outline of of the whole process with all the little details included and a budget at the end.
The package is aimed at the investors, it is like a break down of all the different blocks and defines how they want to be paid for and who and where it is going to happen. It shows the investors the whole production from start to finish in a form of business plan. This gives them an idea as to whether or not it will be a good investment and they will make money from it.
Script development is the weeks the script takes to get perfect. There are many changes and move around on the script as to ideas that may be included or not. It involves the changes in cast members potentially and locations.
Whats the role of the producer in the shooting schedule of the film? who is the directors right hand man?
The directors right hand man is the cinematographers right hand man because he makes what the director wants to see happen. The producer works out the hardest scenes to film and films them first and then plans the rest of the schedule from there.
What is the significance to the budget? how is the budget broken down? What are the above and below the line costs?
the significance of the budget is too make sure every thing is going to able to be paid for. Also when it is going to be paid for. The budget is broken down by going to the script and making sections and then listing all the costs within those sections, for example cast, props, location etc. This would be like an excel spreadsheet of all the costs and then attached to the package for the investors to see. Above the line costs are the expensive necessary costs like the director and key actors. The below the line costs are the people who drive the film like the crew members and costume designers.
What question should an executive producer ask of every film? Why is the audience so important?
Where would it be played? that's what every producer has to ask himself because if he did not take into account where it would be played he wouldn't know what kind of audience to appeal to. The audience are the ones who are going to see the film they bring the money in. They are king.
Why is the marketing considered a hidden cost? What is the importance of genre in marketing? What is the 'need to see?' and how does it work? What are the significant differences between Hollywood and the UK film industry?
Some people don't realise that marketing costs money. All the posters and trailers that are made all have to be paid for. This is cost that can be quite big. It also helps create that 'need to see factor'. The need to see is created by using a big director or big actors who people will want to see just for them. For example Tom Cruise movies, some people only go to see him. Genre is hugely important because you want your film to fall into a marketable genre so its easy to build a hype and get awareness. Before a film will even go ahead in Hollywood it needs to have a release date so they can see when it should start making money back.
What is the distributors job?
The distributor brings the film to the market place and makes a name for it.
What different ways do distributors acquire films?
A film distributor is a company like Disney or warner brothers. They have people coming to them to sell their film and make a name for it. Other ways are going to film festivals and distributors can buy the rights to distribute it. Each film should have a Unique Selling Point
Why is genre important?
It can help target an audience for the film. Most cinema goers are 15-24 or families so most films that are on in the cinema now aspire to fit into those genres, that they want to see.
Why is the release date so important? Why are school holidays so important?
In the school holidays the categories that go to the cinema (15-24 year olds) or families are off work and on holiday so they take their children out of go with their friends to see the latest film. Films can compete for dates and if two big films come out there will be a huge decision to make as to which one you want to see.
Why does film research happen? What does it involve?
A team will work on trying to establish a target audience this involves going round asking people if they'd watch the film they were going to release, once established an audience they can start on the marketing budget.
How is the marketing budget decided on? Once the budget is estimated, what tends to be the percentage spent on marketing?
they look at the countries the film will be watched in and they decide on how much to spend in each country. The marketing budget is usually around 25-30% of the cost to make the film.
Advertising and publicity what three sections does this involve?
Posters
TV ads
Radio ads
These are the three things that people will hear and see when out so they want to target these types of media.These are the traditional types of media.
Why do distributors find it so difficult to get their message to stand out?
The general public are submitted to hundreds of different types of media even before they leave to go to work so making something that stands out is very difficult.
What remain the most important marketing tool for a film?
A trailer is the most important, in a cinema it will be how they see it and in that environment so if they like it there they will want to go and see it.
Why is synergy important?
Fonts
soundtracks
posters
these are all parts of the synergy to a film. They are the things that remain the same throughout the film all around the world. Where ever you go you will see the same font for example in the latest batman film.
Why is poster art important? Why do they 'tease'? What should a good poster reveal?
They are to sell the genre and tell people when the film is being released. They portray the characters in a way which makes the audience want to see the film.
Why is the trailer important? What three types of trailer do you have?
Teaser trailer - this is before production starts and gives a taster as to what is coming up
Main trailer - This is after production so has the whole film to work with just on a shorter basis
Shorter version - This is a small version of the main trailer that is played on the TV.
Why would the 'Perfect' trailer not have voice over?
It allows the audience to create their own mood and feeling about the film.
How is a TV trailer different?
They use the whole finished film with shorter scenes this means the audience get a taster of the whole film.
What two basic uses can distributors make of the internet?
Viral and websites. The idea of people sharing and liking ads and websites means it will spread a lot faster than a tv advert.
PR/Publicity
How can you get free publicity for a film?
magazines newspaper and tv onlines.
Exhibition
1. Cinema attendance rose
2. Piracy (negative) and digital projection (positive)
3. Milton Keynes moviplex - upgrading mutiplexes and the need to for more multiplexes
4. Not ecologically viable - not enough space
5. Dont try to take on the 'big boys' offer the night films to those going. 'World films' art films - go in screen. They don't fo for all the big blockbusters.
6. Mosaic profiling - who the customers are and aren't, turkish and bollywood films are shown depending on the audience present.
7. Three weeks before.
10. Knowedgable staff and drinks before the film starts such as wine.
12.Transform over night - show an unlinked amount of films, screen sporting events.
Audience research
Large research analysis has been done to see what UK audiences want from film and from cinema, to get an idea of what they want to see and experience.
One thing they have to do to understand where to put a multiplex is what people want in the local area because they cant have a generic list of what everyone wants over the country. They need to adapt to what adudiences want in a local town or city. This helps to make the multiplex more succesful.
Thursday, 17 January 2013
Key features of TV dramas
Some
Features of Soap Operas
Never ending
storylines - the
serial form resists narrative closure. Open endings, the so called 'cliff-hanger' is a narrative device
aimed at retaining audiences.
Multiple Plots and
Characters - Storylines
are usually interwoven. Scenes move continuously between different characters
and plots.
Moral nature of
storylines - we
are invited to make moral judgements about characters and plots i.e. should
Michelle have an abortion or keep the baby? Storylines based on personal and
family relationships.
Social and
domestic settings - e.g. shops, pubs, homes, motels etc. - potential for unlimited storylines.
Strong Female
Characters –
women are shown as relatively powerful either in domestic or professional settings.
(relates to traditional female audience). Male characters tend to be weaker
and/or more sensitive than in traditional drama.
Simplified
characters -
for easy recognition, sometimes to the point of being stereotypes.
Crime dramas
Crime dramas revolve around the actions of a criminal mastermind. A
Crime drama will often revolve around the criminal himself, chronicling his
rise and fall, or around the law and the relationships of the characters. Some
Crime dramas will have a storyline that follows the criminal's victim, yet
others follow the person in pursuit of the criminal. This genre tends to be
fast paced with an air of mystery – this mystery can come from the plot or from
the characters themselves.
Fantasy dramas
Crime film is a genre that revolves around the action of a criminal
mastermind. A Crime film will often revolve around the criminal himself,
chronicling his rise and fall. Some Crime films will have a storyline that
follows the criminal's victim, yet others follow the person in pursuit of the
criminal. This genre tends to be fast paced with an air of mystery – this
mystery can come from the plot or from the characters themselves. Series such
as Merlin, uses CGI alongside real actors and locations.
Youth dramas
Youth dramas usually revolve around the actions and consequences of
young people. They are usually set in locations or events that would appeal to
young people such as festivals and parties. There are usually adults in the
storyline but with less significance than teens. On the contrary, youth dramas
can take place in location that do not appeal to young people such as Tracy
Beaker, set in a foster home.
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